PPT-English
ENGLISH PROFESSIONAL PROJECT II
domingo, 9 de julio de 2017
domingo, 2 de julio de 2017
CLASSIFICATION OF ROBOTS FOR THEIR GEOMETRY
CLASSIFICATION OF ROBOTS
This
classification is directly related to industrial manipulators and is based on
the
Configuration
of the joints of the three main axes.
ROBOT CARTESIANO.- Has three
linear PPP axes of movement, perpendicular to each other, this
Type of
configuration gives rise to robots of high precision, speed and
Constant
carrying capacity throughout its reach, wide area of
Work and
simplification of the control system. They present a bad
Relation
between their workload and the space they occupy in
plant. They
are used in applications that require linear
High
precision and in cases where the work area is basically.
CYLINDRICAL ROBOT
It is a RPP
robot, with rotational movement in the base and two axes
Perpendicular,
the second of which is parallel to that of the base, as
And as
illustrated in the respective figure. Its rotational axis causes
This robot
presents better maneuverability and speed than the
Cartesian
robot.
Its control
system is quite simple and finds its application in
Unobstructed
installations, where the machines are distributed
Radially and
the access to the desired point is performed horizontally.
HUMANID ROBOTS
HUMANID ROBOTS
It is
understood as humanoid robot at robot type that constructive and
Morphologically
resembles a human being and can perform almost
Same
functions as him.
In 1997, the
Japanese company HONDA, released the robot P3, the
First humanoid
able to imitate movements of the human body. To the
Next year,
is held at Waseda University in Japan, the
WABIAN
R-III, a humanoid robot. In 1999 at the CMU, Zeglin proposed
A new robot
design with a leg called Bow Leg Hopper, a
Design that
allows to store the potential energy of the leg.
A high
percentage of the humanoid robots that are implemented today in
Try to
imitate our motor system to move and interact with the environment that
Surrounds Of
all the movements we make, walking is, without a doubt, the most complex
Of all of
them, since, even if we do not realize it, walking is not just displacing our
feet
On the
floor, but our knees, hip, spine, arms, head ... come together for
Able to
maintain balance at all times.
INDUSTRIAL ROBOTS
INDUSTRIAL ROBOTS
Industrial
robotics can be defined as the study, design and use of robots for
Execution of
industrial processes. Also know as
A
multifunctional programmable manipulator, designed to
Moving
parts, tools, special devices using
Various
movements, programmed for the execution of
Various
tasks.
Industrial
Robot is understood to be a maneuvering device
And equipped
with several joints, easily programmable
To carry out
operations and intended to replace the activity
Physics of
man in the repetitive, monotonous and
Dangerous
The sequence
of movements is ordered in order that
Is desired
to do, being fundamental the memorization of the sequences corresponding to the
Various
movements. The rectilinear and rotating displacements are pneumatic,
Hydraulic or
electric.
The
development of the multi-articulated artificial arm, or manipulator, led the
modern robot. He
American
inventor George Devol developed in 1954 a primitive arm that could be
Scheduled to
perform specific tasks.
MOBILE ROBOTS
MOBILE ROBOTS
Mobile
robots are devices that can use as a medium
Of
locomotion, wheels or legs, depending on their application, and
Throughout
history have been developed for the purpose of
Scientific
and / or research.
With the
coming of new planning and
Automatic
reasoning, from 1966 to 1972 was developed in the SRI the first mobile robot
Called
Shakey1, Which was
an independent mobile platform controlled by vision through
A camera and
equipped with a touch detector. From that point on, research and
Design of
mobile robots (which had very different characteristics between them) grew
Exponentially.
In the early
seventies, the robot Newt2
Was
developed by Hollis. The robot
Hilare3
Developed
at the LAAS in France. The Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL)
Developed
the Lunar rover 4,
Particularly designed for planetary exploration.
At the end
of that decade, Moravec developed the robot Stanford cart5, Capable of
following a
Path
delimited by a line established on a surface, in SAIL. In 1983, the
Robot
Raibert6, Was
developed at MIT, a single-legged robot designed to study the
Stability of
these systems. At the beginning of the nineties, Vos et al. They developed
A robot
"unicycle" 7
(A single
wheel, similar to a bicycle) at MIT.
Years later,
in 1994, the CMU Robotics Institute developed the robot Dante II8, a
Six-leg
system. In 1996 also in the CMU, the robot Gyrover9 was developed, a
Absent mechanism of wheels and legs based on the
operation of the gyroscope.FOUNDATIONS OF THE ROBOTICS
Robotics is
a discipline dedicated to the study, design, realization and management of
robots.
The first
requirement in the conceptualization of robotics, then seems clear: the
definition
Contextualized
robot in all areas under a current perspective.
The analysis
of the historical evolution, will deserve a specific treatment in a section
later.
Robotics is characterized by a certain conceptual dispersion, which has led to
Some
definitions throughout the history, on the one hand the Webster dictionary
defines a
Robot as:
"An automatic device that performs functions normally assigned to the
Human
beings, or a machine in the form of a human being "
The term
robot, comes from the Czech word robota, which means 'obligatory work' and was
Employed for
the first time in the play of 1921 R.U.R. (Universal Robots of Rossum)
By the Czech
novelist and playwright Karel Capek.
Since then
the word robot has been used to refer to a machine that performs
To help
people or perform difficult or unpleasant tasks
Robotics is
an area of mechatronics applied, this
Confluence
of several areas: mechanics, electricity, electronics, automation and
informatics,
That make
the study of a robot enormously attractive to specialists in
Any of them.
Incorporating
new arguments related to robotics and some new areas
Important
scientific developments developed today as Artificial Intelligence, is
Possible to
consider a new concept of robot as the closest to our
"Robot
is all that device that acts in a real environment and that is capable of
Establish
some kind of intelligent connection between perception and action, "which
integrates all
The types of
robots developed in all areas such as: scientific exploration,
Industrial
and humanoid.
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